Zitkala-Sa’s American Indian Stories describes her journeys through western settler’s efforts to civilize
Native Americans. This assimilation effort was not limited to bombarding the students with unfamiliar academic work, but also stripping their Native American identities by cutting their hair and forcing them to wear western clothing. Catherine Kunce’s article “Fire of Eden” sheds further light on the nature of Zitkala-Sa’s later endeavors, including excelling in debate and teaching at the Carlisle Indian School, and how her appeal to western civilization was more symbiotic than American Indian Stories implies. With the attitude taken by Western missionaries, and others intimately involved within the Native American assimilation effort, any contribution to Western society was taken as evidence of the effective conversion of natives from savages
to civilized
people. Due to this viewpoint on her actions, the change in Zitkala-Sa caused by Native American assimilation, and her participation by teaching in the boarding schools, shows her school experience in a positive light in the eyes of her captors due to the efficacy of the assimilation programs in producing western members of society from Native Americans.